Rootkits Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rootkits - Research Paper Example The most powerful aspect about this type of intrusion was that it had the ability to make the attack invisible to the users of the computer. Koch (2007) explained that rootkits are used in combination with Trojan horses. The infected system can be used for malicious usages without the knowledge of the user, for example conducting spam attacks, botnet attacks or changing the settings of a system according to the desire of the hacker. George (2006) stated that rootkits can even cause replacement, changing of executable programs in the systems or the kernel based files to jeopardize the entire functioning of the system. Rootkit attacks are known to cause hefty losses for organizations since they are difficult to be traced by a user. CCH Group (2009) included figures from a survey that took place in 2006; Computer Crime and Security survey concluded their study and stated that $241,150 is the average loss on an annual basis for organizations in the US. They also stated that 20% of these losses occurred from rootkits intrusions that may have caused leakage of sensitive information, login credentials, banking details etc. Koch (2007) gave an example of rootkits and explained that Sony BMG Music Entertainment had adopted the strategy of rootkits to setup digital rights management software on the system of the user whenever their CD was played to ensure that the music was not being copied or used for piracy purposes. This installation was being done without the knowledge of the user. Rootkits are hard to detect since the intruder’s tracks are cleaned and made invisible after the intrusion. George (2006) pointed out an effective mode of recognizing the presence of rootkits in the system by using an alternate media such as rescue CD-ROM. The involvement of such external medium may be able to detect the rootkits since they may not be executing at the time of running the CD and intentionally trying to hide their existence.

Ethical Vignette Paper 1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Vignette Paper 1 - Coursework Example However, when a patient is involved in a court proceeding and the court requests for the information regarding the professional services that one received, such information would be disclosed without the consent of the patient or a court order. The disclosure limit would be subjected to a number of laws like the confidentiality, and privacy laws, conduct and ethical duties, but the legal obligations have the duty to warn following the care duty to others like in the case of negligence. The counselors should observe the professional and legal standards that are used in maintaining the privacy of the records, and the obligations of mandatory reporting. These mandatory obligations include reporting the neglect or abuse of children, or the adults that are vulnerable, the duty of protecting or warning the third party that is endangered by the patient, and the role of reporting the impairment or misconduct of a different professional. The disclosure of information occurs only with the required consent or sound ethical or legal justification. In the process of counseling, the clients are informed of the cases where their confidentiality needs to be breached. The confidentiality of a patient is breached when there is a foreseeable and serious harm to the patient or legal requirements. 2.3.4.1. Some exceptional cases may come up providing the counselor some grounds to believe that some harm could happen to the client or some other persons. In this case, the patient will consent to the alterations in the agreement regarding the confidentiality, which should be sought unless there are some grounds to believe that the patient is not able or willing to assume the responsibility of her actions 2.3.4.2. The disclosure of information needs to be constrained to the relevant information that is displayed to relevant persons for relevant reasons that